Stroke

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Introduction

Intracerebral Hemorrhage(stroke)
A kind of stroke caused due to bleeding inside the brain tissue is called intracerebral hemorrhage. Usually, stroke occurs when the brain is deprived of oxygen due to an interruption of its blood supply. The main causes for intracerebral hemorrhage are hypertension,arteriovenous malformations or head trauma.

How it occurs?
Due to high blood pressure or hypertension, the walled arteries break and blood spreads into the brain tissue. These blood forms a clot which is known as hematoma. The hematoma grows slowly and causes pressure on the surrounding brain tissue. This pressure makes a person experience tension and lethargic. When the blood spill into the brain, the area that artery supplied will lack oxygen and rich blood. This condition is called stroke. The surface or in deep areas of the brain is the main platform where intracerebral hemorrhage takes place.The symptoms of intracerebral hemorrhage is sudden which requires immediate action. The symptom may alter according to the location of the bleed.

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding in the area between the brain and the tissue that cover the brain (subarachnoid space) is called subarachnoid hemorrhage. The condition causes the patient to feel a sudden and worst headache. Subarachnoid hemorrhage can be caused by different reasons such as:

  • Bleeding from an arteriovenous malformation
  • Bleeding from a cerebral aneurysm
  • Use of blood thinners
  • Head injury and
  • Unknown causes
DIAGNOSIS

Diagnosis of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
ICH (intracerebral hemorrhage) requires emergency medical care. When an individual starts showing symptoms of ICH, he or she might be taken for diagnosis. Diagnostic options may include:

  • Computerised Tomography Angiography
  • Angiogram and
  • MRI Scan etc.

Symptoms

Vomiting
Seizures
Confusion or lethargy
Temporary loss of vision
Nausea
Sudden weakness

Treatments

During these procedure, specific doctor guides a long tube to the area of hemorrhage or weakened blood vessel. They can install a coil-like device in the area where the artery wall is weak. It blocks blood flow to the area, reducing bleeding.
During specific tests, the doctor may discover an aneurysm that has not started bleeding yet or has stopped.
To prevent such additional bleeding, a surgeon may place a tiny clamp at the base of the aneurysm. This cuts off blood supply and prevents a possible broken blood vessel and new bleeding.
If any doctor sees that an aneurysm has burst, then a surgery may be done to clip the aneurysm and prevent additional bleeding. Likewise, a craniotomy may be needed to relieve the pressure on the brain after a large stroke.
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